COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course enables students to continue to develop and consolidate the foundational knowledge and skills that they need for reading, writing, and oral and visual communication. Throughout the course, students will continue to enhance their media literacy and critical literacy skills, and to develop and apply transferable skills, including digital literacy. Students will also make connections to their lived experiences and to society and increase their understanding of the importance of language and literacy across the curriculum.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

A. Literacy Connections and Applications

Throughout this course, students will:

A1. Transferable Skills: demonstrate an understanding of how the seven transferable skills (critical thinking and problem solving; innovation, creativity, and entrepreneurship; self-directed learning; collaboration; communication; global citizenship and sustainability; and digital literacy) are used in various language and literacy contexts

A2. Digital Media Literacy: demonstrate and apply the knowledge and skills needed to interact safely and responsibly in online environments, use digital and media tools to construct knowledge, and demonstrate learning as critical consumers and creators of media

A3. Applications, Connections, and Contributions: apply language and literacy skills in cross-curricular and integrated learning, and demonstrate an understanding of, and make connections to, diverse voices, experiences, perspectives, histories, and contributions, including those of First Nations, Métis, and Inuit individuals, communities, groups, and nations

B. Foundations of Language

By the end of this course, students will:

B1. Oral and Non-Verbal Communication: apply listening, speaking, and non-verbal communication skills and strategies to understand and communicate meaning in formal and informal contexts and for various purposes and audiences

B2. Language Foundations for Reading and Writing: demonstrate an understanding of foundational language knowledge and skills, and apply this understanding when reading and writing

B3. Language Conventions for Reading and Writing: demonstrate an understanding of sentence structure, grammar, cohesive ties, and capitalization and punctuation, and apply this knowledge when reading and writing sentences, paragraphs, and a variety of texts

Comprehension: Understanding and Responding to Texts

By the end of this course, students will:

C1. Knowledge about Texts: apply foundational knowledge and skills to understand a variety of texts, including digital and media texts, by creators with diverse identities, perspectives, and experience, and demonstrate an understanding of the patterns, features, and elements of style associated with various text forms and genres

C2. Comprehension Strategies: apply comprehension strategies before, during, and after reading, listening to, and viewing a variety of texts, including digital and media texts, by creators with diverse identities, perspectives, and experience, in order to understand and clarify the meaning of texts

C3. Critical Thinking in Literacy: apply critical thinking skills to deepen understanding of texts, and analyze how various perspectives and topics are communicated and addressed in a variety of texts, including digital, media, and cultural texts

Composition: Expressing Ideas and Creating Texts

By the end of this course, students will:

D1. Developing Ideas and Organizing Content: plan, develop ideas, gather information, and organize content for creating texts of various forms, including digital and media texts, on a variety of topics

D2. Creating Texts: apply knowledge and understanding of various text forms and genres to create, revise, edit, and proofread their own texts, using a variety of media, tools, and strategies, and reflect critically on created texts

D3. Publishing, Presenting, and Reflecting: select suitable and effective media, techniques, and tools to publish and present final texts, and critically analyze how well the texts address various topics

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course emphasizes the development of literacy, communication, and critical and creative thinking skills necessary for success in academic and daily life. Students will analyse challenging literary texts from various periods, countries, and cultures, as well as a range of informational and graphic texts, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on using language with precision and clarity and incorporating stylistic devices appropriately and effectively. The course is intended to prepare students for the compulsory Grade 12 university or college preparation course.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

ORAL COMMUNICATION

Throughout this course, students will:

1. Listening to Understand: listen in order to understand and respond appropriately in a variety of situations for a variety of purposes;
2. Speaking to Communicate: use speaking skills and strategies appropriately to communicate with different audiences for a variety of purposes;
3. Reflecting on Skills and Strategies: reflect on and identify their strengths as listeners and speakers, areas for improvement, and the strategies they found most helpful in oral communication situations.

READING AND LITERATURE STUDIES

By the end of this course, students will:

1. Reading for Meaning: read and demonstrate an understanding of a variety of literary, informational, and graphic texts, using a range of strategies to construct meaning;
2. Understanding Form and Style: recognize a variety of text forms, text features, and stylistic elements and demonstrate understanding of how they help communicate meaning;
3. Reading With Fluency: use knowledge of words and cueing systems to read fluently;
4. Reflecting on Skills and Strategies: reflect on and identify their strengths as readers, areas for improvement, and the strategies they found most helpful before, during, and after reading.

WRITING

By the end of this course, students will:

1. Developing and Organizing Content: generate, gather, and organize ideas and information to write for an intended purpose and audience;
2. Using Knowledge of Form and Style: draft and revise their writing, using a variety of literary, informational, and graphic forms and stylistic elements appropriate for the purpose and audience;
3. Applying Knowledge of Conventions: use editing, proofreading, and publishing skills and strategies, and knowledge of language conventions, to correct errors, refine expression, and present their work effectively;
4. Reflecting on Skills and Strategies: reflect on and identify their strengths as writers, areas for improvement, and the strategies they found most helpful at different stages in the writing process.

MEDIA STUDIES

By the end of this course, students will:

1. Understanding Media Texts: demonstrate an understanding of a variety of media texts;
2. Understanding Media Forms, Conventions, and Techniques: identify some media forms and explain how the conventions and techniques associated with them are used to create meaning;
3. Creating Media Texts: create a variety of media texts for different purposes and audiences, using appropriate forms, conventions, and techniques;
4. Reflecting on Skills and Strategies: reflect on and identify their strengths as media interpreters and creators, areas for improvement, and the strategies they found most helpful in understanding and creating media texts.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course explores rights and responsibilities associated with being an active citizen in a democratic society. Students will explore issues of civic importance and the influence of social media, while developing their understanding of the role of civic engagement and of political processes in the local, national, and/or global community. Students will apply the concepts of political thinking and the political inquiry process to investigate, and express informed opinions about, a range of political issues and developments that are both of significance in today’s world and of personal interest to them. This course also includes learning on digital literacy and critical-thinking skills, the mechanisms of government, Indigenous governance systems and structures, the historical foundations of the rights and freedoms we enjoy in Canada, ways in which government policy affects individuals’ lives and the economy, and ways for students to serve their communities.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

A. POLITICAL INQUIRY AND SKILL DEVELOPMENT

Throughout this course, students will:

A1. Political Inquiry: use the political inquiry process and the concepts of political thinking when investigating issues, events, and developments of civic importance;

A2. Developing Transferable Skills: apply in everyday contexts skills developed through investigations related to civics and citizenship education, and identify some careers in which civics and citizenship education might be an asset.

B. CIVIC AWARENESS OVERALL EXPECTATIONS

By the end of this course, students will:

B1. Civic Issues, Democratic Values: describe beliefs and values associated with democratic citizenship in Canada, and explain how they are related to civic action and to one’s position on civic issues

B2. Governance in Canada: explain, with reference to a range of issues of civic importance, the roles and responsibilities of various institutions, structures, and figures in Canadian governance

B3. Rights and Responsibilities: analyse key rights and responsibilities associated with citizenship, in both the Canadian and global context, and some ways in which these rights are protected

C. CIVIC ENGAGEMENT AND ACTION OVERALL EXPECTATIONS

By the end of this course, students will:

C1. Civic Contributions: analyse a variety of civic contributions, and ways in which people can contribute to the common good

C2. Inclusion and Participation: assess ways in which people express their perspectives on issues of civic importance and how various perspectives, beliefs, and values are recognized and represented in communities in Canada

C3. Personal Action on Civic Issues: analyse a civic issue of personal interest and develop a plan of action to address it

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course introduces basic features of the function by extending students’ experiences with quadratic relations. It focuses on quadratic, trigonometric, and exponential functions and their use in modelling real-world situations. Students will represent functions numerically, graphically, and algebraically; simplify expressions; solve equations; and solve problems relating to applications. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

A. Quadratic Functions

Throughout this course, students will:

A1. Expand and simplify quadratic expressions, solve quadratic equations, and relate the roots of a quadratic equation to the corresponding graph;

A2. Demonstrate an understanding of functions, and make connections between the numeric, graphical, and algebraic representations of quadratic functions;

A3. Solve problems involving quadratic functions, including problems arising from real-world applications

B. Exponential Functions

By the end of this course, students will:

B1. Simplify and evaluate numerical expressions involving exponents, and make connections between the numeric, graphical, and algebraic representations of exponential functions;

B2. Identify and represent exponential functions, and solve problems involving exponential functions, including problems arising from real-world applications;

B3. Demonstrate an understanding of compound interest and annuities, and solve related problems

C. Trigonometric Functions

By the end of this course, students will:

C1. Solve problems involving trigonometry in acute triangles using the sine law and the cosine law, including problems arising from real-world applications;

C2. Demonstrate an understanding of periodic relationships and the sine function, and make connections between the numeric, graphical, and algebraic representations of sine functions;

C3. Identify and represent sine functions, and solve problems involving sine functions, including problems arising from real-world applications.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course emphasizes the development of literacy, communication, and critical and creative thinking skills necessary for success in academic and daily life. Students will analyse challenging literary texts from various periods, countries, and cultures, as well as a range of informational and graphic texts, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on using language with precision and clarity and incorporating stylistic devices appropriately and effectively. The course is intended to prepare students for the compulsory Grade 12 university or college preparation course.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

ORAL COMMUNICATION

Throughout this course, students will:

1. Listening to Understand: listen in order to understand and respond appropriately in a variety of situations for a variety of purposes;
2. Speaking to Communicate: use speaking skills and strategies appropriately to communicate with different audiences for a variety of purposes;
3. Reflecting on Skills and Strategies: reflect on and identify their strengths as listeners and speakers, areas for improvement, and the strategies they found most helpful in oral communication situations.

READING AND LITERATURE STUDIES

By the end of this course, students will:

1. Reading for Meaning: read and demonstrate an understanding of a variety of literary, informational, and graphic texts, using a range of strategies to construct meaning;
2. Understanding Form and Style: recognize a variety of text forms, text features, and stylistic elements and demonstrate understanding of how they help communicate meaning;
3. Reading With Fluency: use knowledge of words and cueing systems to read fluently;
4. Reflecting on Skills and Strategies: reflect on and identify their strengths as readers, areas for improvement, and the strategies they found most helpful before, during, and after reading.

WRITING

By the end of this course, students will:

1. Developing and Organizing Content: generate, gather, and organize ideas and information to write for an intended purpose and audience;
2. Using Knowledge of Form and Style: draft and revise their writing, using a variety of literary, informational, and graphic forms and stylistic elements appropriate for the purpose and audience;
3. Applying Knowledge of Conventions: use editing, proofreading, and publishing skills and strategies, and knowledge of language conventions, to correct errors, refine expression, and present their work effectively;
4. Reflecting on Skills and Strategies: reflect on and identify their strengths as writers, areas for improvement, and the strategies they found most helpful at different stages in the writing process.

MEDIA STUDIES

By the end of this course, students will:

1. Understanding Media Texts: demonstrate an understanding of a variety of media texts;
2. Understanding Media Forms, Conventions, and Techniques: identify some media forms and explain how the conventions and techniques associated with them are used to create meaning;
3. Creating Media Texts: create a variety of media texts for different purposes and audiences, using appropriate forms, conventions, and techniques;
4. Reflecting on Skills and Strategies: reflect on and identify their strengths as media interpreters and creators, areas for improvement, and the strategies they found most helpful in understanding and creating media texts.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course enables students to enhance their understanding of concepts in biology, chemistry, earth and space science, and physics, and of the interrelationships between science, technology, society, and the environment. Students are also given opportunities to further develop their scientific investigation skills. Students will plan and conduct investigations and develop their understanding of scientific theories related to the connections between cells and systems in animals and plants; chemical reactions, with a particular focus on acid–base reactions; forces that affect climate and climate change; and the interaction of light and matter.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

A. Scientific Investigation Skills and Career Exploration

Throughout this course, students will:

A1. demonstrate scientific investigation skills (related to both inquiry and research) in the four areas of skills (initiating and planning, performing and recording, analysing and interpreting, and communicating);

A2. identify and describe a variety of careers related to the fields of science under study, and identify scientists, including Canadians, who have made contributions to those fields.

B. Biology: Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things

By the end of this course, students will:

B1. evaluate the importance of medical and other technological developments related to systems biology, and analyse their societal and ethical implications;

B2. investigate cell division, cell specialization, organs, and systems in animals and plants, using research and inquiry skills, including various laboratory techniques

B3. demonstrate an understanding of the hierarchical organization of cells, from tissues, to organs, to systems in animals and plants.

C. Chemistry: Chemical Reactions

By the end of this course, students will:
C1. analyse a variety of safety and environmental issues associated with chemical reactions, including the ways in which chemical reactions can be applied to address environmental challenges;

C2. investigate, through inquiry, the characteristics of chemical reactions;

C3. demonstrate an understanding of the general principles of chemical reactions, and various ways to represent them.

D. Earth and Space Science: Climate Change

By the end of this course, students will:
D1. analyse some of the effects of climate change around the world, and assess the effectiveness of initiatives that attempt to address the issue of climate change;

D2. investigate various natural and human factors that influence Earth’s climate and climate change;

D3. demonstrate an understanding of natural and human factors, including the greenhouse effect, that influence Earth’s climate and contribute to climate change.

E. Physics: Light and Geometric Optics

By the end of this course, students will:
E1. evaluate the effectiveness of technological devices and procedures designed to make use of light, and assess their social benefits;

E2. investigate, through inquiry, the properties of light, and predict its behaviour, particularly with respect to reflection in plane and curved mirrors and refraction in converging lenses;

E3. demonstrate an understanding of various characteristics and properties of light, particularly with respect to reflection in mirrors and reflection and refraction in lenses.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course enables students to broaden their understanding of relationships and extend their problem-solving and algebraic skills through investigation, the effective use of technology, and abstract reasoning. Students will explore quadratic relations and their applications; solve and apply linear systems; verify properties of geometric figures using analytic geometry; and investigate the trigonometry of right and acute triangles. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

Throughout this course, students will:

1. PROBLEM SOLVING

• develop, select, apply, and compare a variety of problem-solving strategies as they pose and solve problems and conduct investigations, to help deepen their mathematical understanding;

2. REASONING AND PROVING

• develop and apply reasoning skills (e.g., recognition of relationships, generalization through inductive reasoning, use of counter-examples) to make mathematical conjectures, assess conjectures, and justify conclusions, and plan and construct organized mathematical arguments;

3. REFLECTING

• demonstrate that they are reflecting on and monitoring their thinking to help clarify their understanding as they complete an investigation or solve a problem (e.g., by assessing the effectiveness of strategies and processes used, by proposing alternative approaches, by judging the reasonableness of results, by verifying solutions);

4. SELECTING TOOLS AND COMPUTATIONAL STRATEGIES

• select and use a variety of concrete, visual, and electronic learning tools and appropriate computational strategies to investigate mathematical ideas and to solve problems;

5. CONNECTING

• make connections among mathematical concepts and procedures, and relate mathematical ideas to situations or phenomena drawn from other contexts (e.g., other curriculum areas, daily life, current events, art and culture, sports);

6. REPRESENTING

• create a variety of representations of mathematical ideas (e.g., numeric, geometric, algebraic, graphical, pictorial representations; onscreen dynamic representations), connect and compare them, and select and apply the appropriate representations to solve problems;

7. COMMUNICATING

• communicate mathematical thinking orally, visually, and in writing, using mathematical vocabulary and a variety of appropriate representations, and observing mathematical conventions.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course is designed to develop the oral communication, reading, writing, and media literacy skills that students need for success in their secondary school academic programs and in their daily lives. Students will analyse literary texts from contemporary and historical periods, interpret informational and graphic texts, and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on the use of strategies that contribute to effective communication. The course is intended to prepare students for the Grade 10 academic English course, which leads to university or college preparation courses in Grades 11 and 12.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

ORAL COMMUNICATION

Throughout this course, students will:

1. Listening to Understand: listen in order to understand and respond appropriately in a variety of situations for a variety of purposes;
2. Speaking to Communicate: use speaking skills and strategies appropriately to communicate with different audiences for a variety of purposes;
3. Reflecting on Skills and Strategies: reflect on and identify their strengths as listeners and speakers, areas for improvement, and the strategies they found most helpful in oral communication situations.

READING AND LITERATURE STUDIES

By the end of this course, students will:

1. Reading for Meaning: read and demonstrate an understanding of a variety of literary, informational, and graphic texts, using a range of strategies to construct meaning;
2. Understanding Form and Style: recognize a variety of text forms, text features, and stylistic elements and demonstrate understanding of how they help communicate meaning;
3. Reading With Fluency: use knowledge of words and cueing systems to read fluently;
4. Reflecting on Skills and Strategies: reflect on and identify their strengths as readers, areas for improvement, and the strategies they found most helpful before, during, and after reading

WRITING

By the end of this course, students will:

1. Developing and Organizing Content: generate, gather, and organize ideas and information to write for an intended purpose and audience;
2. Using Knowledge of Form and Style: draft and revise their writing, using a variety of literary, informational, and graphic forms and stylistic elements appropriate for the purpose and audience;
3. Applying Knowledge of Conventions: use editing, proofreading, and publishing skills and strategies, and knowledge of language conventions, to correct errors, refine expression, and present their work effectively;
4. Reflecting on Skills and Strategies: reflect on and identify their strengths as writers, areas for improvement, and the strategies they found most helpful at different stages in the writing process.

MEDIA STUDIES

By the end of this course, students will:

1. Understanding Media Texts: demonstrate an understanding of a variety of media texts;
2. Understanding Media Forms, Conventions, and Techniques: identify some media forms and explain how the conventions and techniques associated with them are used to create meaning;
3. Creating Media Texts: create a variety of media texts for different purposes and audiences, using appropriate forms, conventions, and techniques;
4. Reflecting on Skills and Strategies: reflect on and identify their strengths as media interpreters and creators, areas for improvement, and the strategies they found most helpful in understanding and creating media texts.E. Liveable Communities

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course explores social, economic, and political developments and events and their impact on the lives of different individuals, groups, and communities, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit individuals and communities, in Canada since 1914. Students will examine the role of conflict and cooperation in Canadian society, Canada’s evolving role within the global community, and the impact of various individuals, organizations, and events on identities, citizenship, and heritage in Canada. Students will develop an understanding of some of the political developments and government policies that have had a lasting impact on First Nations, Métis, and Inuit individuals and communities. They will develop their ability to apply the concepts of historical thinking and the historical inquiry process, including the interpretation and analysis of evidence, when investigating key issues and events in Canadian history since 1914.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

A. Historical Inquiry and Skill Development

Throughout this course, students will:

A1. Historical Inquiry: use the historical inquiry process and the concepts of historical thinking when investigating aspects of Canadian history since 1914.

A2. Developing Transferable Skills: apply in everyday contexts skills developed through historical investigation, and identify some careers in which these skills might be useful.

B. Canada, 1914–1929

By the end of this course, students will:

B1. Social, Economic, and Political Context: describe some key social, economic, and political events, trends, and developments between 1914 and 1929, and assess their significance for different groups and communities in Canada, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities (FOCUS ON: Historical Significance; Historical Perspective)

B2. Communities, Conflict, and Cooperation: analyse some key interactions within and between different communities in Canada, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities, and between Canada and the international community, from 1914 to 1929, and how these interactions affected Canadian society and politics (FOCUS ON: Historical Significance; Cause and Consequence)

B3. Identity, Citizenship, and Heritage: explain how various individuals, organizations, and specific social changes between 1914 and 1929 contributed to the development of identities, citizenship, and heritage in Canada (FOCUS ON: Continuity and Change; Historical Perspective)

C. Canada, 1929–1945

By the end of this course, students will:
C1. Social, Economic, and Political Context: describe some key social, economic, and political events, trends, and developments between 1929 and 1945, and assess their impact on different groups and communities in Canada, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities (FOCUS ON: Cause and Consequence; Historical Perspective)

C2. Communities, Conflict, and Cooperation: analyse some key interactions within and between communities in Canada, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities, and between Canada and the international community, from 1929 to 1945, with a focus on key issues that affected these interactions and changes that resulted from them (FOCUS ON: Cause and Consequence; Continuity and Change)

C3. Identity, Citizenship, and Heritage: explain how various individuals, groups, and events, including some major international events, contributed to the development of identities, citizenship, and heritage in Canada between 1929 and 1945 (FOCUS ON: Historical Significance; Historical Perspective)

D. Canada, 1945–1982

By the end of this course, students will:
D1. Social, Economic, and Political Context: describe some key social, economic, and political events, trends, and developments in Canada between 1945 and 1982, and assess their significance for different individuals, groups, and/or communities in Canada, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit individuals and communities (FOCUS ON: Historical Significance; Continuity and Change)

D2. Communities, Conflict, and Cooperation: analyse some key experiences of and interactions between different communities in Canada, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities, as well as interactions between Canada and the international community, from 1945 to 1982 and the changes that resulted from them (FOCUS ON: Continuity and Change; Historical Perspective)

D3. Identity, Citizenship, and Heritage: analyse how significant events, individuals, and groups, including Indigenous peoples, Québécois, and immigrants, contributed to the development of identities, citizenship, and heritage in Canada between 1945 and 1982 (FOCUS ON: Historical Significance; Cause and Consequence)

E. Canada, 1982 to the Present

By the end of this course, students will:

E1. Social, Economic, and Political Context: describe some key social, economic, and political events, trends, and developments in Canada from 1982 to the present, and assess their significance for different groups and communities in Canada, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities (FOCUS ON: Historical Significance; Continuity and Change)

E2. Communities, Conflict, and Cooperation: analyse some significant interactions within and between various communities in Canada, including First Nations, Métis, and Inuit communities, and between Canada and the international community, from 1982 to the present, and how key issues and developments have affected these interactions (FOCUS ON: Continuity and Change; Historical Perspective)

E3. Identity, Citizenship, and Heritage: analyse how various significant individuals, groups, organizations, and events, both national and international, have contributed to the development of identities, citizenship, and heritage in Canada from 1982 to the present (FOCUS ON: Historical Significance; Cause and Consequence)

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course emphasizes the consolidation of the literacy, communication, and critical and creative thinking skills necessary for success in academic and daily life. Students will analyse a range of challenging literary texts from various periods, countries, and cultures; interpret and evaluate informational and graphic texts; and create oral, written, and media texts in a variety of forms. An important focus will be on using academic language coherently and confidently, selecting the reading strategies best suited to particular texts and particular purposes for reading, and developing greater control in writing. The course is intended to prepare students for university, college, or the workplace.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

ORAL COMMUNICATION

Throughout this course, students will:

1. Listening to Understand: listen in order to understand and respond appropriately in a variety of situations for a variety of purposes;
2. Speaking to Communicate: use speaking skills and strategies appropriately to communicate with different audiences for a variety of purposes;
3. Reflecting on Skills and Strategies: reflect on and identify their strengths as listeners and speakers, areas for improvement, and the strategies they found most helpful in oral communication situations.

READING AND LITERATURE STUDIES

By the end of this course, students will:

1. Reading for Meaning: read and demonstrate an understanding of a variety of literary, informational, and graphic texts, using a range of strategies to construct meaning;
2. Understanding Form and Style: recognize a variety of text forms, text features, and stylistic elements and demonstrate understanding of how they help communicate meaning;
3. Reading With Fluency: use knowledge of words and cueing systems to read fluently;
4. Reflecting on Skills and Strategies: reflect on and identify their strengths as readers, areas for improvement, and the strategies they found most helpful before, during, and after reading.

WRITING

By the end of this course, students will:

1. Developing and Organizing Content: generate, gather, and organize ideas and information to write for an intended purpose and audience;
2. Using Knowledge of Form and Style: draft and revise their writing, using a variety of literary, informational, and graphic forms and stylistic elements appropriate for the purpose and audience;
3. Applying Knowledge of Conventions: use editing, proofreading, and publishing skills and strategies, and knowledge of language conventions, to correct errors, refine expression, and present their work effectively;
4. Reflecting on Skills and Strategies: reflect on and identify their strengths as writers, areas for improvement, and the strategies they found most helpful at different stages in the writing process.

MEDIA STUDIES

By the end of this course, students will:

1. Understanding Media Texts: demonstrate an understanding of a variety of media texts;
2. Understanding Media Forms, Conventions, and Techniques: identify some media forms and explain how the conventions and techniques associated with them are used to create meaning;
3. Creating Media Texts: create a variety of media texts for different purposes and audiences, using appropriate forms, conventions, and techniques;
4. Reflecting on Skills and Strategies: reflect on and identify their strengths as media interpreters and creators, areas for improvement, and the strategies they found most helpful in understanding and creating media texts.

COUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course furthers students’ understanding of the processes that occur in biological systems. Students will study theory and conduct investigations in the areas of biodiversity; evolution; genetic processes; the structure and function of animals; and the anatomy, growth, and function of plants. The course focuses on the theoretical aspects of the topics under study, and helps students refine skills related to scientific investigation.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

A. Scientific Investigation Skills and Career Exploration

Throughout this course, students will:

A1. demonstrate scientific investigation skills (related to both inquiry and research) in the four areas of skills (initiating and planning, performing and recording, analysing and interpreting, and communicating);

A2. identify and describe careers related to the fields of science under study, and describe the contributions of scientists, including Canadians, to those fields.

B. Diversity of Living Things

By the end of this course, students will:

B1. analyse the effects of various human activities on the diversity of living things;

B2. investigate, through laboratory and/or field activities or through simulations, the principles of scientific classification, using appropriate sampling and classification techniques;

B3. demonstrate an understanding of the diversity of living organisms in terms of the principles of taxonomy and phylogeny.

C. Evolution

By the end of this course, students will:
C1. analyse the economic and environmental advantages and disadvantages of an artificial selection technology, and evaluate the impact of environmental changes on natural selection and endangered species;

C2. investigate evolutionary processes, and analyse scientific evidence that supports the theory of evolution;

C3. demonstrate an understanding of the theory of evolution, the evidence that supports it, and some of the mechanisms by which it occurs.

D. Genetic Processes

By the end of this course, students will:

D1. evaluate the importance of some recent contributions to our knowledge of genetic processes, and analyse social and ethical implications of genetic and genomic research;

D2. investigate genetic processes, including those that occur during meiosis, and analyse data to solve basic genetics problems involving monohybrid and dihybrid crosses;

D3. demonstrate an understanding of concepts, processes, and technologies related to the transmission of hereditary characteristics.

E. Animals: Structure and Function

By the end of this course, students will:

E1. analyse the relationships between changing societal needs, technological advances, and our understanding of internal systems of humans;

E2. investigate, through laboratory inquiry or computer simulation, the functional responses of the respiratory and circulatory systems of animals, and the relationships between their respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems;

E3. demonstrate an understanding of animal anatomy and physiology, and describe disorders of the respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems.

F. Plants: Anatomy, Growth, and Function

By the end of this course, students will:

F1. evaluate the importance of sustainable use of plants to Canadian society and other cultures;

F2. investigate the structures and functions of plant tissues, and factors affecting plant growth;

F3. demonstrate an understanding of the diversity of vascular plants, including their structures, internal transport systems, and their role in maintaining biodiversity.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course enables students to deepen their understanding of chemistry through the study of the properties of chemicals and chemical bonds; chemical reactions and quantitative relationships in those reactions; solutions and solubility; and atmospheric chemistry and the behaviour of gases. Students will further develop their analytical skills and investigate the qualitative and quantitative properties of matter, as well as the impact of some common chemical reactions on society and the environment.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

A. Scientific Investigation Skills and Career Exploration

Throughout this course, students will:

A1. demonstrate scientific investigation skills (related to both inquiry and research) in the four areas of skills (initiating and planning, performing and recording, analysing and interpreting, and communicating);

A2. identify and describe careers related to the fields of science under study, and describe the contributions of scientists, including Canadians, to those fields.

B. Matter, Chemical Trends, and Chemical Bonding

By the end of this course, students will:
B1. analyse the properties of commonly used chemical substances and their effects on human health and the environment, and propose ways to lessen their impact;

B2. investigate physical and chemical properties of elements and compounds, and use various methods to visually represent them;

B3. demonstrate an understanding of periodic trends in the periodic table and how elements combine to form chemical bonds.

C. Chemical Reactions

By the end of this course, students will:

C1. analyse chemical reactions used in a variety of applications, and assess their impact on society and the environment;

C2. investigate different types of chemical reactions;

C3. demonstrate an understanding of the different types of chemical reactions.

D. Quantities in Chemical Reactions

By the end of this course, students will:

D1. analyse processes in the home, the workplace, and the environmental sector that use chemical quantities and calculations, and assess the importance of quantitative accuracy in industrial chemical processes;

D2. investigate quantitative relationships in chemical reactions, and solve related problems;

D3. demonstrate an understanding of the mole concept and its significance to the quantitative analysis of chemical reactions.

E. Solutions and Solubility

By the end of this course, students will:

E1. analyse the origins and effects of water pollution, and a variety of economic, social, and environmental issues related to drinking water;

E2. investigate qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions, and solve related problems;

E3. demonstrate an understanding of qualitative and quantitative properties of solutions.

F. Gases and Atmospheric Chemistry

By the end of this course, students will:

F1. analyse the cumulative effects of human activities and technologies on air quality, and describe some Canadian initiatives to reduce air pollution, including ways to reduce their own carbon footprint;

F2. investigate gas laws that explain the behaviour of gases, and solve related problems;

F3. demonstrate an understanding of the laws that explain the behaviour of gases.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course introduces the mathematical concept of the function by extending students’ experiences with linear and quadratic relations. Students will investigate properties of discrete and continuous functions, including trigonometric and exponential functions; represent functions numerically, algebraically, and graphically; solve problems involving applications of functions; investigate inverse functions; and develop facility in determining equivalent algebraic expressions. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

Throughout this course, students will:

Problem Solving

• develop, select, apply, compare, and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies as they pose and solve problems and conduct investigations, to help deepen their mathematical understanding;

Reasoning and Proving

• develop and apply reasoning skills (e.g., use of inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, and counter-examples; construction of proofs) to make mathematical conjectures, assess conjectures, and justify conclusions, and plan and construct organized mathematical arguments;

Reflecting

• demonstrate that they are reflecting on and monitoring their thinking to help clarify their understanding as they complete an investigation or solve a problem (e.g., by assessing the effectiveness of strategies and processes used, by proposing alternative approaches, by judging the reasonableness of results, by verifying solutions);

Selecting Tools and Computational Strategies

• select and use a variety of concrete, visual, and electronic learning tools and appropriate computational strategies to investigate mathematical ideas and to solve problems;

Connecting

• make connections among mathematical concepts and procedures, and relate mathematical ideas to situations or phenomena drawn from other contexts (e.g., other curriculum areas, daily life, current events, art and culture, sports);

Representing

• create a variety of representations of mathematical ideas (e.g., numeric, geometric, algebraic, graphical, pictorial representations; onscreen dynamic representations), connect and compare them, and select and apply the appropriate representations to solve problems;

Communicating

• communicate mathematical thinking orally, visually, and in writing, using precise mathematical vocabulary and a variety of appropriate representations, and observing mathematical conventions.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course develops students’ understanding of the basic concepts of physics. Students will explore kinematics, with an emphasis on linear motion; different kinds of forces; energy transformations; the properties of mechanical waves and sound; and electricity and magnetism. They will enhance their scientific investigation skills as they test laws of physics. In addition, they will analyse the interrelationships between physics and technology, and consider the impact of technological applications of physics on society and the environment.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

A. Scientific Investigation Skills and Career Exploration

Throughout this course, students will:

A1. demonstrate scientific investigation skills (related to both inquiry and research) in the four areas of skills (initiating and planning, performing and recording, analysing and interpreting, and communicating);

A2. identify and describe careers related to the fields of science under study, and describe the contributions of scientists, including Canadians, to those fields.

B. Kinematics

By the end of this course, students will:

B1. analyse technologies that apply concepts related to kinematics, and assess the technologies’ social and environmental impact;

B2. investigate, in qualitative and quantitative terms, uniform and non-uniform linear motion, and solve related problems;

B3. demonstrate an understanding of uniform and non-uniform linear motion, in one and two dimensions.

C. Forces

By the end of this course, students will:

C1. analyse and propose improvements to technologies that apply concepts related to dynamics and Newton’s laws, and assess the technologies’ social and environmental impact;

C2. investigate, in qualitative and quantitative terms, net force, acceleration, and mass, and solve related problems;

C3. demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between changes in velocity and unbalanced forces in one dimension

D. Energy and Society

By the end of this course, students will:

D1. analyse technologies that apply principles of and concepts related to energy transformations, and assess the technologies’ social and environmental impact;

D2. investigate energy transformations and the law of conservation of energy, and solve related problems;

D3. Demonstrate an understanding of work, efficiency, power, gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, nuclear energy, and thermal energy and its transfer (heat)

E. Waves and Sound

By the end of this course, students will:

E1. analyse how mechanical waves and sound affect technology, structures, society, and the environment, and assess ways of reducing their negative effects;

E2. investigate, in qualitative and quantitative terms, the properties of mechanical waves and sound, and solve related problems;

E3. demonstrate an understanding of the properties of mechanical waves and sound and of the principles underlying their production, transmission, interaction, and reception.

F. Electricity and Magnetism

By the end of this course, students will:

F1. analyse the social, economic, and environmental impact of electrical energy production and technologies related to electromagnetism, and propose ways to improve the sustainability of electrical energy production;

F2. investigate, in qualitative and quantitative terms, magnetic fields and electric circuits, and solve related problems;

F3. demonstrate an understanding of the properties of magnetic fields, the principles of current and electron flow, and the operation of selected technologies that use these properties and principles to produce and transmit electrical energy

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course provides students with the opportunity for in-depth study of the concepts and processes that occur in biological systems. Students will study theory and conduct investigations in the areas of biochemistry, metabolic processes, molecular genetics, homeostasis, and population dynamics. Emphasis will be placed on the achievement of detailed knowledge and the refinement of skills needed for further study in various branches of the life sciences and related fields.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

A. Scientific Investigation Skills and Career Exploration

Throughout this course, students will:

A1. demonstrate scientific investigation skills (related to both inquiry and research) in the four areas of skills (initiating and planning, performing and recording, analysing and interpreting, and communicating);

A2. identify and describe careers related to the fields of science under study, and describe contributions of scientists, including Canadians, to those fields.

B. Biochemistry

By the end of this course, students will:

B1. analyse technological applications of enzymes in some industrial processes, and evaluate technological advances in the field of cellular biology;

B2. investigate the chemical structures, functions, and chemical properties of biological molecules involved in some common cellular processes and biochemical reactions;

B3. demonstrate an understanding of the structures and functions of biological molecules, and the biochemical reactions required to maintain normal cellular function.

C. Metabolic Processes

By the end of this course, students will:

C1. analyse the role of metabolic processes in the functioning of biotic and abiotic systems, and evaluate the importance of an understanding of these processes and related technologies to personal choices made in everyday life;

C2. investigate the products of metabolic processes such as cellular respiration and photosynthesis;

C3. demonstrate an understanding of the chemical changes and energy conversions that occur in metabolic processes.

D. Molecular Genetics

By the end of this course, students will:

D1. analyse some of the social, ethical, and legal issues associated with genetic research and biotechnology;

D2. investigate, through laboratory activities, the structures of cell components and their roles in processes that occur within the cell;

D3. demonstrate an understanding of concepts related to molecular genetics, and how genetic modification is applied in industry and agriculture.

E. Homeostasis

By the end of this course, students will:

E1. evaluate the impact on the human body of selected chemical substances and of environmental factors related to human activity;

E2. investigate the feedback mechanisms that maintain homeostasis in living organisms;

E3. demonstrate an understanding of the anatomy and physiology of human body systems, and explain the mechanisms that enable the body to maintain homeostasis.

F. Population Dynamics

By the end of this course, students will:

F1. analyse the relationships between population growth, personal consumption, technological development, and our ecological footprint, and assess the effectiveness of some Canadian initiatives intended to assist expanding populations;

F2. investigate the characteristics of population growth, and use models to calculate the growth of populations within an ecosystem;

F3. demonstrate an understanding of concepts related to population growth, and explain the factors that affect the growth of various populations of species.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course builds on students’ previous experience with functions and their developing understanding of rates of change. Students will solve problems involving geometric and algebraic representations of vectors and representations of lines and planes in 3D space; broaden their understanding of rates of change to include the derivatives of polynomial, sinusoidal, exponential, rational, and radical functions; and apply these concepts and skills to the modelling of real-world relationships. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. This course is intended for students who choose to pursue careers in fields such as science, engineering, economics, and some areas of business, including those students who will be required to take a university-level calculus, linear algebra, or physics course.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

Throughout this course, students will:

Problem Solving

• develop, select, apply, compare, and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies as they pose and solve problems and conduct investigations, to help deepen their mathematical understanding;

Reasoning and Proving

• develop and apply reasoning skills (e.g., use of inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, and counter-examples; construction of proofs) to make mathematical conjectures, assess conjectures, and justify conclusions, and plan and construct organized mathematical arguments;

Reflecting

• demonstrate that they are reflecting on and monitoring their thinking to help clarify their understanding as they complete an investigation or solve a problem (e.g., by assessing the effectiveness of strategies and processes used, by proposing alternative approaches, by judging the reasonableness of results, by verifying solutions);

Selecting Tools and Computational Strategies

• select and use a variety of concrete, visual, and electronic learning tools and appropriate computational strategies to investigate mathematical ideas and to solve problems;

Connecting

• make connections among mathematical concepts and procedures, and relate mathematical ideas to situations or phenomena drawn from other contexts (e.g., other curriculum areas, daily life, current events, art and culture, sports);

Representing

• create a variety of representations of mathematical ideas (e.g., numeric, geometric, algebraic, graphical, pictorial representations; onscreen dynamic representations), connect and compare them, and select and apply the appropriate representations to solve problems;

Communicating

• communicate mathematical thinking orally, visually, and in writing, using precise mathematical vocabulary and a variety of appropriate representations, and observing mathematical conventions.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course provides students with opportunities to think critically about theories, questions, and issues related to anthropology, psychology, and sociology. Students will develop an understanding of the approaches and research methods used by social scientists. They will be given opportunities to explore theories from a variety of perspectives, to conduct social science research, and to become familiar with current thinking on a range of issues within the three disciplines.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

A. Introduction to Social Sciences

Throughout this course, students will:

A1. Exploring: explore topics related to anthropology, psychology, and sociology, and formulate questions appropriate to each discipline to guide their research;

A2. Investigating: create research plans, and locate and select information relevant to their chosen topics, using appropriate social science research and inquiry methods;

A3. Processing Information: assess, record, analyse, and synthesize information gathered through research and inquiry;

A4. Communicating and Reflecting: communicate the results of their research and inquiry clearly and effectively, and reflect on and evaluate their research, inquiry, and communication skills.

B. Anthropology

By the end of this course, students will:

B1. Theories, Perspectives, and Methodologies: demonstrate an understanding of major theories, perspectives, and research methods in anthropology;

B2. Explaining Human Behaviour and Culture: use an anthropological perspective to explain how diverse factors influence and shape human behaviour and culture;

B3. Socialization: use a cultural anthropology perspective to explain patterns of human socialization.

C. Psychology

By the end of this course, students will:

C1. Theories, Perspectives, and Methodologies: demonstrate an understanding of major theories, perspectives, and research methods in psychology;

C2. Explaining Human Mental Processes and Behaviour: use a psychological perspective to explain how diverse factors influence and shape human mental processes and behaviour;

C3. Socialization: use a psychological perspective to analyse patterns of socialization

D. Sociology

By the end of this course, students will:

D1. Theories, Perspectives, and Methodologies: demonstrate an understanding of major theories, perspectives, and research methods in sociology;

D2. Explaining Social Behaviour: use a sociological perspective to explain how diverse factors influence and shape individual and group social behaviour;

D3. Socialization: use a sociological perspective to explain patterns of socialization.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course extends students’ experience with functions. Students will investigate the properties of polynomial, rational, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions; develop techniques for combining functions; broaden their understanding of rates of change; and develop facility in applying these concepts and skills. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. This course is intended both for students taking the Calculus and Vectors course as a prerequisite for a university program and for those wishing to consolidate their understanding of mathematics before proceeding to any one of a variety of university programs.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

Throughout this course, students will:

Problem Solving

• develop, select, apply, compare, and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies as they pose and solve problems and conduct investigations, to help deepen their mathematical understanding;

Reasoning and Proving

• develop and apply reasoning skills (e.g., use of inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, and counter-examples; construction of proofs) to make mathematical conjectures, assess conjectures, and justify conclusions, and plan and construct organized mathematical arguments;

Reflecting

• demonstrate that they are reflecting on and monitoring their thinking to help clarify their understanding as they complete an investigation or solve a problem (e.g., by assessing the effectiveness of strategies and processes used, by proposing alternative approaches, by judging the reasonableness of results, by verifying solutions);

Selecting Tools and Computational Strategies

• select and use a variety of concrete, visual, and electronic learning tools and appropriate computational strategies to investigate mathematical ideas and to solve problems;

Connecting

• make connections among mathematical concepts and procedures, and relate mathematical ideas to situations or phenomena drawn from other contexts (e.g., other curriculum areas, daily life, current events, art and culture, sports);

Representing

• create a variety of representations of mathematical ideas (e.g., numeric, geometric, algebraic, graphical, pictorial representations; onscreen dynamic representations), connect and compare them, and select and apply the appropriate representations to solve problems;

Communicating

• communicate mathematical thinking orally, visually, and in writing, using precise mathematical vocabulary and a variety of appropriate representations, and observing mathematical conventions.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course enables students to deepen their understanding of chemistry through the study of organic chemistry, the structure and properties of matter, energy changes and rates of reaction, equilibrium in chemical systems, and electrochemistry. Students will further develop their problem-solving and investigation skills as they investigate chemical processes, and will refine their ability to communicate scientific information. Emphasis will be placed on the importance of chemistry in everyday life and on evaluating the impact of chemical technology on the environment.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

A. Scientific Investigation Skills and Career Exploration

Throughout this course, students will:

A1. demonstrate scientific investigation skills (related to both inquiry and research) in the four areas of skills (initiating and planning, performing and recording, analysing and interpreting, and communicating);

A2. identify and describe careers related to the fields of science under study, and describe the contributions of scientists, including Canadians, to those fields.

B. Organic Chemistry

By the end of this course, students will:

B1. assess the social and environmental impact of organic compounds used in everyday life, and propose a course of action to reduce the use of compounds that are harmful to human health and the environment;

B2. investigate organic compounds and organic chemical reactions, and use various methods to represent the compounds;

B3. demonstrate an understanding of the structure, properties, and chemical behaviour of compounds within each class of organic compounds.

C. Structure and Properties of Matter

By the end of this course, students will:

C1. assess the benefits to society and evaluate the environmental impact of products and technologies that apply principles related to the structure and properties of matter;

C2. investigate the molecular shapes and physical properties of various types of matter;

C3. demonstrate an understanding of atomic structure and chemical bonding, and how they relate to the physical properties of ionic, molecular, covalent network, and metallic substances.

D. Energy Changes and Rates of Reaction

By the end of this course, students will:

D1. analyse technologies and chemical processes that are based on energy changes, and evaluate them in terms of their efficiency and their effects on the environment;

D2. investigate and analyse energy changes and rates of reaction in physical and chemical processes, and solve related problems;

D3. demonstrate an understanding of energy changes and rates of reaction.

E. Chemical Systems and Equilibrium

By the end of this course, students will:

E1. analyse chemical equilibrium processes, and assess their impact on biological, biochemical, and technological systems;

E2. investigate the qualitative and quantitative nature of chemical systems at equilibrium, and solve related problems;

E3. demonstrate an understanding of the concept of dynamic equilibrium and the variables that cause shifts in the equilibrium of chemical systems.

F. Electrochemistry

By the end of this course, students will:

F1. analyse technologies and processes relating to electrochemistry, and their implications for society, health and safety, and the environment;

F2. investigate oxidation-reduction reactions using a galvanic cell, and analyse electrochemical reactions in qualitative and quantitative terms;

F3. demonstrate an understanding of the principles of oxidation-reduction reactions and the many practical applications of electrochemistry.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course broadens students’ understanding of mathematics as it relates to managing data. Students will apply methods for organizing and analysing large amounts of information; solve problems involving probability and statistics; and carry out a culminating investigation that integrates statistical concepts and skills. Students will also refine their use of the mathematical processes necessary for success in senior mathematics. Students planning to enter university programs in business, the social sciences, and the humanities will find this course of particular interest.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

Throughout this course, students will:

Problem Solving

• develop, select, apply, compare, and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies as they pose and solve problems and conduct investigations, to help deepen their mathematical understanding;

Reasoning and Proving

• develop and apply reasoning skills (e.g., use of inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, and counter-examples; construction of proofs) to make mathematical conjectures, assess conjectures, and justify conclusions, and plan and construct organized mathematical arguments;

Reflecting

• demonstrate that they are reflecting on and monitoring their thinking to help clarify their understanding as they complete an investigation or solve a problem (e.g., by assessing the effectiveness of strategies and processes used, by proposing alternative approaches, by judging the reasonableness of results, by verifying solutions);

Selecting Tools and Computational Strategies

• select and use a variety of concrete, visual, and electronic learning tools and appropriate computational strategies to investigate mathematical ideas and to solve problems;

Connecting

• make connections among mathematical concepts and procedures, and relate mathematical ideas to situations or phenomena drawn from other contexts (e.g., other curriculum areas, daily life, current events, art and culture, sports);

Representing

• create a variety of representations of mathematical ideas (e.g., numeric, geometric, algebraic, graphical, pictorial representations; onscreen dynamic representations), connect and compare them, and select and apply the appropriate representations to solve problems;

Communicating

• communicate mathematical thinking orally, visually, and in writing, using precise mathematical vocabulary and a variety of appropriate representations, and observing mathematical conventions.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course enables students to broaden their understanding of real-world applications of mathematics. Students will analyse data using statistical methods; solve problems involving applications of geometry and trigonometry; solve financial problems connected with annuities, budgets, and renting or owning accommodation; simplify expressions; and solve equations. Students will reason mathematically and communicate their thinking as they solve multi-step problems. This course prepares students for college programs in areas such as business, health sciences, and human services, and for certain skilled trades.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

A. Trigonometry and Geometry

Throughout this course, students will:

A1. Solve problems involving measurement and geometry and arising from real-world applications;

A2. Explain the significance of optimal dimensions in real-world applications, and determine optimal dimensions of two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional figures;

A3. Solve problems using primary trigonometric ratios of acute and obtuse angles, the sine law, and the cosine law, including problems arising from real-world applications, and describe applications of trigonometry in various occupations.

B. Data Management

By the end of this course, students will:

B1. Collect, analyse, and summarize two-variable data using a variety of tools and strategies, and interpret and draw conclusions from the data;

B2. Demonstrate an understanding of the applications of data management used by the media and the advertising industry and in various occupations.

C. Mathematical Models

By the end of this course, students will:

C1. Evaluate powers with rational exponents, simplify algebraic expressions involving exponents, and solve problems involving exponential equations graphically and using common bases;

C2. Describe trends based on the interpretation of graphs, compare graphs using initial conditions and rates of change, and solve problems by modelling relationships graphically and algebraically;

C3. Make connections between formulas and linear, quadratic, and exponential relations, solve problems using formulas arising from real-world applications, and describe applications of mathematical modelling in various occupations.

D. Financial Mathematics

By the end of this course, students will:

D1. Demonstrate an understanding of annuities, including mortgages, and solve related problems using technology;

D2. Gather, interpret, and compare information about owning or renting accommodation, and solve problems involving the associated costs;

D3. Design, justify, and adjust budgets for individuals and families described in case studies, and describe applications of the mathematics of personal finance.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course enables students to deepen their understanding of physics concepts and theories. Students will continue their exploration of energy transformations and the forces that affect motion, and will investigate electrical, gravitational, and magnetic fields and electromagnetic radiation. Students will also explore the wave nature of light, quantum mechanics, and special relativity. They will further develop their scientific investigation skills, learning, for example, how to analyse, qualitatively and quantitatively, data related to a variety of physics concepts and principles. Students will also consider the impact of technological applications of physics on society and the environment.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

A. Scientific Investigation Skills and Career Exploration

Throughout this course, students will:

A1. demonstrate scientific investigation skills (related to both inquiry and research) in the four areas of skills (initiating and planning, performing and recording, analysing and interpreting, and communicating);

A2. identify and describe careers related to the fields of science under study, and describe the contributions of scientists, including Canadians, to those fields.

B. Dynamics

By the end of this course, students will:

B1. analyse technological devices that apply the principles of the dynamics of motion, and assess the technologies’ social and environmental impact;

B2. investigate, in qualitative and quantitative terms, forces involved in uniform circular motion and motion in a plane, and solve related problems;

B3. demonstrate an understanding of the forces involved in uniform circular motion and motion in a plane.

C. Energy and Momentum

By the end of this course, students will:

C1. analyse, and propose ways to improve, technologies or procedures that apply principles related to energy and momentum, and assess the social and environmental impact of these technologies or procedures;

C2. investigate, in qualitative and quantitative terms, through laboratory inquiry or computer simulation, the relationship between the laws of conservation of energy and conservation of momentum, and solve related problems;

C3. demonstrate an understanding of work, energy, momentum, and the laws of conservation of energy and conservation of momentum, in one and two dimensions.

D. Gravitational, Electric, and Magnetic Fields

By the end of this course, students will:

D1. analyse the operation of technologies that use gravitational, electric, or magnetic fields, and assess the technologies’ social and environmental impact;

D2. investigate, in qualitative and quantitative terms, gravitational, electric, and magnetic fields, and solve related problems;

D3. demonstrate an understanding of the concepts, properties, principles, and laws related to gravitational, electric, and magnetic fields and their interactions with matter.

E. The Wave Nature of Light

By the end of this course, students will:

E1. analyse technologies that use the wave nature of light, and assess their impact on society and the environment;

E2. investigate, in qualitative and quantitative terms, the properties of waves and light, and solve related problems;

E3. demonstrate an understanding of the properties of waves and light in relation to diffraction, refraction, interference, and polarization.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course enables students to consolidate, and continue to develop, an understanding of mathematical concepts related to number sense and operations, algebra, measurement, geometry, data, probability, and financial literacy. Students will use mathematical processes, mathematical modelling, and coding to make sense of the mathematics they are learning and to apply their understanding to culturally responsive and relevant real-world situations. Students will continue to enhance their mathematical reasoning skills, including proportional reasoning, spatial reasoning, and algebraic reasoning, as they solve problems and communicate their thinking.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

A. Problem Solving

Throughout this course, students will:

A1. Develop, select, apply, and compare a variety of problem-solving strategies as they pose and solve problems and conduct investigations, to help deepen their mathematical understanding.

B. Reasoning and Proving

By the end of this course, students will:

B1. Develop and apply reasoning skills (e.g., recognition of relationships, generalization through inductive reasoning, use of counter-examples) to make mathematical conjectures, assess conjectures, and justify conclusions, and plan and construct organized mathematical arguments.

C. Reflecting

By the end of this course, students will:

C1. Demonstrate that they are reflecting on and monitoring their thinking to help clarify their understanding as they complete an investigation or solve a problem (e.g., by assessing the effectiveness of strategies and processes used, by proposing alternative approaches, by judging the reasonableness of results, by verifying solutions).

D. Selecting Tools and Computational Strategies

By the end of this course, students will:

D1. Select and use a variety of concrete, visual, and electronic learning tools and appropriate computational strategies to investigate mathematical ideas and to solve problems.

E. Connecting

By the end of this course, students will:

E1. Make connections among mathematical concepts and procedures, and relate mathematical ideas to situations or phenomena drawn from other contexts (e.g., other curriculum areas, daily life, current events, art and culture, sports).

F. Representing

By the end of this course, students will:

F1. Create a variety of representations of mathematical ideas (e.g., numeric, geometric, algebraic, graphical, pictorial representations; onscreen dynamic representations), connect and compare them, and select and apply the appropriate representations to solve problems.

G. Communicating

By the end of this course, students will:

G1. Communicate mathematical thinking orally, visually, and in writing, using mathematical vocabulary and a variety of appropriate representations, and observing mathematical conventions.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course explores Canadian law, with a focus on legal issues that are relevant to the lives of people in Canada. Students will gain an understanding of laws relating to rights and freedoms in Canada; our legal system; and family, contract, employment, tort, and criminal law. Students will develop legal reasoning skills and will apply the concepts of legal thinking and the legal studies inquiry process when investigating a range of legal issues and formulating and communicating informed opinions about them.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

A. Legal Foundations

Throughout this course, students will:

A1. Legal Principles: explain the role and importance of law and the fundamental principles of justice in Canada (FOCUS ON: Legal Significance);

A2. Legal Heritage: demonstrate an understanding of early laws and legal systems and their relationship to the Canadian legal system (FOCUS ON: Interrelationships);

A3. Legal Roles and Responsibilities: analyse the role and function of individuals, groups, and governments in Canadian law (FOCUS ON: Legal Significance; Interrelationships; Legal Perspective);

A4. Development of Law: analyse and describe how various social, scientific, and technological factors have influenced and continue to influence the development of Canadian law (FOCUS ON: Legal Significance; Continuity and Change).

B. Rights and Freedoms

By the end of this course, students will:

B1. Human Rights: explain the legal significance of the Canadian Bill of Rights, the Ontario Human Rights Code, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (the Charter), and the Canadian Human Rights Act (FOCUS ON: Legal Significance);

B2. Development of Human Rights Law: analyse how various factors have influenced and continue to influence the development of human rights law in Ontario and Canada (FOCUS ON: Continuity and Change);

B3. Protecting Rights and Freedoms: analyse the relationship between the formal, legal recognition of rights and freedoms in Canada and how those rights are interpreted and protected in practice (FOCUS ON: Legal Significance; Interrelationships; Legal Perspective);

B4. Legal Limitations of Human Rights: analyse situations in which it may be appropriate to limit rights and freedoms, and explain the arguments for and against such limitations (FOCUS ON: Legal Significance; Legal Perspective).

C. Criminal Law

By the end of this course, students will:

C1. Foundations of Criminal Law: explain the foundational concepts of criminal law and their legal significance (FOCUS ON: Legal Significance);

C2. Legal Processes and Procedures: describe the structures and key roles and processes of the Canadian criminal justice system and explain key interrelationships among them (FOCUS ON: Interrelationships);

C3. Criminal Justice System: assess the ability of the Canadian criminal justice system to provide appropriate and even-handed justice to people living in Canada (FOCUS ON: Legal Perspective);

C4. Development of Criminal Law: analyse how various factors have influenced the development of Canadian criminal law (FOCUS ON: Legal Significance; Continuity and Change).

D. Civil Law

By the end of this course, students will:

D1. Introduction to Tort Law: analyse the legal foundations of tort law; the factors influencing its development; and the role of individuals, groups, and courts in its processes (FOCUS ON: Legal Significance);

D2. Introduction to Family Law: analyse the legal foundations of family law; the factors influencing its development; and the role of individuals, governments, and courts in its processes (FOCUS ON: Legal Significance; Continuity and Change);

D3. Introduction to Employment Law: analyse the legal foundations of employment law; the factors influencing its development; and the role of employers, employees, and the courts in its processes (FOCUS ON: Interrelationships; Legal Perspective);

D4. Introduction to Contract Law: analyse the legal foundations of contract law; the factors influencing its development; and the role of individuals, groups, and the courts in its processes (FOCUS ON: Legal Significance; Continuity and Change; Legal Perspective).

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course provides opportunities for students to communicate and interact in French with increasing independence, with a focus on familiar topics related to their daily lives. Students will develop their skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing by using language learning strategies introduced in the elementary Core French program, and will apply creative and critical thinking skills in various ways. They will also enhance their understanding and appreciation of diverse French-speaking communities, and will develop skills necessary for lifelong language learning.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

A. Moi-même

Throughout this course, students will:

A1.    Listening to Understand: determine meaning in a variety of authentic and adapted oral French texts, using a range of listening strategies;

A2.   Listening to Interact: interpret messages accurately while interacting in French for a variety of purposes and with diverse audiences;

A3.   Intercultural Understanding: demonstrate an understanding of information in oral French texts about aspects of culture in diverse French-speaking communities and other communities around the world, and of French sociolinguistic conventions used in a variety of situations and communities.

B. Mes Amis Et Moi

By the end of this course, students will:

B1.   Speaking to Communicate: communicate information and ideas orally in French, using a variety of speaking strategies, appropriate language structures, and language appropriate to the purpose and audience;

B2.   Speaking to Interact: participate in spoken interactions in French for a variety of purposes and with diverse audiences;

B3.   Intercultural Understanding: in their spoken communications, demonstrate an awareness of aspects of culture in diverse French-speaking communities and other communities around the world, and of the appropriate use of French sociolinguistic conventions in a variety of situations.

C. La Nourriture

By the end of this course, students will:

C1.   Reading Comprehension: determine meaning in a variety of authentic and adapted French texts, using a range of reading comprehension strategies;

C2.  Purpose, Form, and Style: identify the purpose(s), characteristics, and aspects of style of a variety of authentic and adapted text forms in French, including fictional, informational, graphic, and media forms;

C3.  Intercultural Understanding: demonstrate an understanding of information in French texts about aspects of culture in diverse French-speaking communities and other communities around the world, and of French sociolinguistic conventions used in a variety of situations and communities.

D. Les Voyages

By the end of this course, students will:

D1.  Purpose, Audience, and Form: write French texts for different purposes and audiences, using a variety of forms and knowledge of language structures and conventions of written French appropriate for this level;

D2.  The Writing Process: use the stages of the writing process – including pre-writing, producing drafts, revising, editing, and publishing – to develop and organize content, clarify ideas and expression, correct errors, and present their work effectively;

D3.  Intercultural Understanding: in their written work, demonstrate an awareness of aspects of culture in diverse French-speaking communities and other communities around the world, and of the appropriate use of French sociolinguistic conventions in a variety of situations.

OUTLINE OF COURSE UNITS

COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This course examines interrelationships within and between Canada’s natural and human systems and how these systems interconnect with those in other parts of the world. Students will explore environmental, economic, and social geographic issues relating to topics such as transportation options, energy choices, and urban development. Students will apply the concepts of geographic thinking and the geographic inquiry process, including spatial technologies, to investigate various geographic issues and to develop possible approaches for making Canada a more sustainable place in which to live.

OVERALL CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS

A. Geographic Inquiry and Skill Development

Throughout this course, students will:

A1.   Geographic Inquiry: use the geographic inquiry process and the concepts of geographic thinking when investigating issues relating to Canadian geography;

A2.   Developing Transferable Skills: apply in everyday contexts skills, including spatial technology skills, developed through the investigation of Canadian geography, and identify some careers in which a background in geography might be an asset.

B. Interactions in the Physical Environment

By the end of this course, students will:

B1.   The Physical Environment and Human Activities: analyse various interactions between physical processes, phenomena, and events and human activities in Canada (FOCUS ON: Interrelationships; Geographic Perspective)

B2.   Interrelationships between Physical Systems, Processes, and Events: analyse characteristics of various physical processes, phenomena, and events affecting Canada and their interrelationship with global physical systems (FOCUS ON: Patterns and Trends; Interrelationships)

B3.   The Characteristics of Canada’s Natural Environment: describe various characteristics of the natural environment and the spatial distribution of physical features in Canada, and explain the role of physical processes, phenomena, and events in shaping them (FOCUS ON: Spatial Significance; Patterns and Trends)

C. Managing Canada`s Resources and Industries

By the end of this course, students will:

C1.  The Sustainability of Resources: analyse impacts of resource policy, resource management, and consumer choices on resource sustainability in Canada (FOCUS ON: Interrelationships; Geographic Perspective)

C2.   The Development of Resources: analyse issues related to the distribution, availability, and development of natural resources in Canada from a geographic perspective (FOCUS ON: Interrelationships; Geographic Perspective)

C3.  Industries and Economic Development: assess the relative importance of different industrial sectors to the Canadian economy and Canada’s place in the global economy, and analyse factors that influence the location of industries in these sectors (FOCUS ON: Spatial Significance; Patterns and Trends)

D. Changing Populations

By the end of this course, students will:

D1.   Population Issues: analyse selected national and global population issues and their implications for Canada (FOCUS ON: Interrelationships; Patterns and Trends)

D2.  Immigration and Cultural Diversity: describe the diversity of Canada’s population, and assess some social, economic, political, and environmental implications of immigration and diversity for Canada (FOCUS ON: Spatial Significance; Geographic Perspective)

D3.  Demographic Patterns and Trends: analyse patterns of population settlement and various demographic characteristics of the Canadian population (FOCUS ON: Spatial Significance; Patterns and Trends)

E. Liveable Communities

By the end of this course, students will: